Section 5: Firefighting Measures

Overview

Effective firefighting measures are crucial for ensuring safety in environments where hazardous materials are present. This section outlines key strategies, equipment, and procedures for combating fires involving various types of substances.

Suitable Extinguishing Media

Selection Guidelines

The choice of extinguishing media depends on the type of fire and the materials involved. Common options include:

  • Water: Suitable for Class A fires (ordinary combustibles like wood, paper, and cloth).
  • Foam: Effective for Class B fires (flammable liquids) and some Class A fires.
  • Dry Chemical Powder: Versatile, suitable for Classes A, B, and C (electrical) fires.
  • Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Ideal for Class C fires and some Class B fires.
  • Wet Chemical: Specifically designed for Class K fires (cooking oils and fats).

Always consult the specific Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for the most appropriate extinguishing media for each chemical.

Special Hazards Arising from the Substance or Mixture

Critical Hazard Warnings

During a fire, hazardous materials may pose additional risks:

  • Release of toxic gases or vapors
  • Risk of container explosion due to pressure build-up
  • Formation of flammable or explosive atmospheres
  • Potential for rapid fire spread or intensification

Unsuitable Media Warnings:

  • Water on electrical fires (risk of electrocution)
  • Water on oil or grease fires (can cause splashing and spread the fire)
  • Water on certain reactive metals (can produce flammable hydrogen gas)

Advice for Firefighters

Essential Safety Requirements

Firefighters must be equipped with:

  • Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
  • Full protective clothing
  • Chemical-resistant gloves
  • Safety boots

Key procedures include:

  • Approach the fire from upwind to avoid fumes
  • Use water spray to cool containers and prevent explosion
  • Contain and collect firefighting water to prevent environmental contamination
  • Evacuate and isolate the area if there's a risk of explosion

Additional Information

Preventive Measures

Consider these additional measures:

  • Implement a fire safety plan and conduct regular drills
  • Install and maintain appropriate fire detection and suppression systems
  • Ensure proper storage and handling of flammable materials
  • Train personnel in fire safety and emergency response procedures
  • Regularly inspect and maintain firefighting equipment

Critical Safety Information

Emergency Response Priorities

  • Life safety is the primary concern - evacuate if necessary
  • Never attempt to fight a fire without proper training and equipment
  • Always maintain a safe escape route
  • Be aware of potential chemical reactions and hazardous decomposition products
  • Consider environmental impact of firefighting activities