GHS Implementation in Canada

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS 2015)

Overview

Canada implemented GHS through WHMIS 2015, replacing the original WHMIS system. This comprehensive framework ensures workplace chemical safety through standardized classification, labelling, and safety data sheets across all provinces and territories.

Implementation Timeline

Regulatory Authorities

Health Canada

  • Federal WHMIS 2015 regulations
  • Hazard classification guidance
  • National coordination
  • International harmonization

Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC)

  • Federal workplace enforcement
  • Canada Labour Code compliance
  • Federal employee protection
  • Training and education

Provincial/Territorial Authorities

  • Workplace safety enforcement
  • Provincial regulations
  • Inspection and compliance
  • Worker training requirements

Regulatory Framework

Key Legislation

WHMIS 2015 is implemented through federal regulations and corresponding provincial/territorial legislation ensuring consistent application across Canada.

Hazardous Products Regulations (HPR)

  • Part 1: Classification criteria and methods
  • Part 2: Labelling requirements
  • Part 3: Safety data sheet requirements
  • Part 4: Disclosure exemptions

Hazardous Products Act (HPA)

  • Legal framework for hazardous product regulation
  • Classification and labelling authority
  • Enforcement and penalty provisions
  • International trade considerations

Provincial/Territorial Occupational Health and Safety Acts

  • Workplace implementation requirements
  • Worker training obligations
  • Employer responsibilities
  • Enforcement and penalties

Classification and Labelling Requirements

WHMIS 2015 Classification

All hazardous products in Canadian workplaces must be classified according to WHMIS 2015 criteria based on GHS principles.

Hazard Classes

  • Physical Hazards: 18 classes including explosives, flammables, oxidizers
  • Health Hazards: 12 classes covering acute and chronic effects
  • Environmental Hazards: Not required under WHMIS 2015
  • Biohazardous Infectious Materials: WHMIS-specific class

Supplier Label Requirements

  • Product Identifier: Chemical name or trade name
  • Hazard Pictograms: GHS symbols in red diamond
  • Signal Words: "DANGER" or "WARNING"
  • Hazard Statements: Standardized H-phrases
  • Precautionary Statements: Appropriate P-phrases
  • Supplier Information: Name, address, phone number

Workplace Label Requirements

  • Product Identifier: Must match SDS
  • Safe Handling Information: Basic precautions
  • SDS Reference: Statement that SDS is available
  • Language: English and/or French as required

Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Requirements

16-Section Format

Canadian SDS must follow the standardized 16-section GHS format with specific WHMIS 2015 requirements.

Key SDS Requirements

  • Language: English and/or French as required by jurisdiction
  • Currency: Must be current and accurate
  • Availability: Readily accessible to workers
  • Updates: Within 90 days of new significant information
  • Retention: Keep for 30 years after last use

Confidential Business Information (CBI)

  • Trade Secret Claims: Permitted under specific conditions
  • Health Professional Disclosure: Medical emergency access
  • Generic Names: Required when specific names withheld
  • Registry Filing: Claims must be filed with Health Canada

Training and Education Requirements

Worker Education

Employers must provide comprehensive WHMIS 2015 training to all workers who may be exposed to hazardous products.

Training Components

  • General WHMIS Education: System overview and principles
  • Workplace-Specific Training: Site-specific hazards and procedures
  • Label Recognition: Understanding pictograms and statements
  • SDS Interpretation: How to read and use safety data sheets
  • Emergency Procedures: Response to incidents and exposures

Compliance and Enforcement

Enforcement Framework

WHMIS 2015 compliance is enforced at federal and provincial/territorial levels with significant penalties for violations.

Enforcement Measures

  • Workplace Inspections: Regular compliance audits
  • Stop Work Orders: Immediate hazard cessation
  • Administrative Penalties: Monetary fines
  • Prosecutions: Criminal charges for serious violations
  • Product Recalls: Non-compliant product removal

Penalty Structure (varies by jurisdiction)

  • Individual Violations: Up to $25,000 per offense
  • Corporate Violations: Up to $500,000 per offense
  • Serious Violations: Up to $1,000,000 and imprisonment
  • Repeat Offenses: Enhanced penalties

Resources and Support