4.1 Description of First Aid Measures

This section provides detailed information on immediate first aid measures for different types of exposure to hazardous substances or mixtures. The information is primarily aimed at people with little-to-no training in first aid, allowing workers to help colleagues before professional medical services arrive.

Important Note: First aid measures should be easy to understand and formatted for quick comprehension in emergency situations.

General First Aid Principles

Ensure the patient's condition does not worsen
Promote natural recovery in the patient
Take care of and comfort the patient until an emergency medical team arrives
Where possible, preserve the life of a victim

Protecting the First-Aider

Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)
Avoid direct contact with contaminated clothing or skin
Use barrier devices for resuscitation when possible
Wash hands thoroughly after providing assistance

Routes of Exposure and First Aid Measures

Eye Contact

Rinse eyes immediately with plenty of water or eyewash solution
Hold eyelids open to aid in thorough cleaning
Continue rinsing for at least 15 minutes
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do so
Seek immediate medical attention

Skin Contact

Remove contaminated clothing immediately
Wash affected skin thoroughly with soap and water
Continue washing for 15-20 minutes
For certain chemicals, specific decontamination agents may be recommended
Seek medical attention if irritation persists

Inhalation

Remove the affected person from the source of exposure to fresh air
Keep the person warm and at rest in a position comfortable for breathing
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen if available and trained to do so
If not breathing, provide artificial respiration (only if safe to do so)
Seek immediate medical attention

Ingestion

Rinse mouth thoroughly with water
Do NOT induce vomiting unless specifically instructed to do so
If conscious, give small amounts of water to drink
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person
Seek immediate medical attention

Additional Considerations

Always refer to the specific Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for the substance involved
Follow any specific instructions provided by the manufacturer
Be aware of potential delayed effects and monitor the victim accordingly
Document all first aid measures taken and report to medical professionals

Remember, this information is general guidance. Always consult the specific Safety Data Sheet and seek professional medical help in case of chemical exposure.