Laravel Framework

Introduction to Laravel
Routing and Controllers
Blade Templates
Eloquent ORM
Authentication and Authorization
Artisan Console
Testing
Deployment

Introduction to Laravel

Laravel is a PHP web application framework known for its elegant syntax and robust features. It follows the MVC pattern and provides extensive tools for modern web development.

Key Features:

Elegant syntax and modern toolkit
Robust dependency injection container
Database abstraction layer
Artisan command-line interface
Queue system for background jobs
Real-time events

Why Laravel?

Laravel combines powerful features with developer-friendly syntax, making it ideal for both small and enterprise applications. It provides a complete ecosystem with tools like Forge, Vapor, and Nova.

Routing and Controllers

Basic Routing

// routes/web.php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;

Route::get('/', function () {
    return view('welcome');
});

Route::get('/users', [UserController::class, 'index']);
Route::post('/users', [UserController::class, 'store']);
Route::get('/users/{id}', [UserController::class, 'show']);

// Resource Controller
Route::resource('posts', PostController::class);

Controllers

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class UserController extends Controller
{
    public function index()
    {
        $users = User::all();
        return view('users.index', ['users' => $users]);
    }

    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $validated = $request->validate([
            'name' => 'required|max:255',
            'email' => 'required|email|unique:users',
        ]);

        $user = User::create($validated);
        return redirect()->route('users.show', $user);
    }
}

Blade Templates

Basic Syntax

@extends('layouts.app') @section('content')

Users

@foreach ($users as $user)

@if ($user->isAdmin) Admin @endif

@endforeach @empty($users)

No users found.

@endempty @endsection

Components

namespace App\View\Components;

class Alert extends Component
{
    public $type;
    public $message;

    public function __construct($type, $message)
    {
        $this->type = $type;
        $this->message = $message;
    }

    public function render()
    {
        return view('components.alert');
    }
}


    {{ $message }}

Eloquent ORM

Models

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Post extends Model
{
    protected $fillable = ['title', 'content', 'user_id'];

    public function user()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }

    public function comments()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Comment::class);
    }

    public function tags()
    {
        return $this->belongsToMany(Tag::class);
    }
}

Queries

// Basic queries
$users = User::all();
$user = User::find(1);
$activeUsers = User::where('active', true)->get();

// Relationships
$user->posts()->create([
    'title' => 'New Post',
    'content' => 'Post content'
]);

// Advanced queries
$posts = Post::with('user', 'comments')
    ->whereHas('comments', function ($query) {
        $query->where('approved', true);
    })
    ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')
    ->paginate(20);

Authentication and Authorization

Authentication

// config/auth.php
'guards' => [
    'web' => [
        'driver' => 'session',
        'provider' => 'users',
    ],
    'api' => [
        'driver' => 'sanctum',
        'provider' => 'users',
    ],
],

// Routes
Route::middleware(['auth'])->group(function () {
    Route::get('/dashboard', function () {
        return view('dashboard');
    });
});

Authorization

// App\Policies\PostPolicy.php class PostPolicy { public function update(User $user, Post $post) { return $user->id === $post->user_id; } } // Usage in controllers $this->authorize('update', $post); // Usage in blade @can('update', $post) Edit @endcan

Artisan Console

Common Commands

# Create new controller
php artisan make:controller UserController --resource

# Create model with migration
php artisan make:model Post -m

# Database migrations
php artisan migrate
php artisan migrate:rollback
php artisan migrate:fresh --seed

# Create custom command
php artisan make:command SendEmails

Custom Commands

namespace App\Console\Commands;

use Illuminate\Console\Command;

class SendEmails extends Command
{
    protected $signature = 'emails:send {user? : The ID of the user}';
    protected $description = 'Send emails to users';

    public function handle()
    {
        $userId = $this->argument('user');
        
        if ($userId) {
            // Send to specific user
        } else {
            // Send to all users
        }

        $this->info('Emails sent successfully!');
    }
}

Testing

Feature Tests

namespace Tests\Feature;

use Tests\TestCase;
use App\Models\User;

class UserTest extends TestCase
{
    public function test_user_can_view_posts()
    {
        $user = User::factory()->create();
        
        $response = $this->actingAs($user)
                        ->get('/posts');
        
        $response->assertStatus(200)
                ->assertViewIs('posts.index');
    }
}

Unit Tests

namespace Tests\Unit;

use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
use App\Services\Calculator;

class CalculatorTest extends TestCase
{
    public function test_it_adds_numbers()
    {
        $calculator = new Calculator();
        
        $result = $calculator->add(2, 2);
        
        $this->assertEquals(4, $result);
    }
}

Deployment

Deployment Checklist:

Configure environment variables
Optimize autoloader
Cache configuration
Set up queue workers
Configure web server

Optimization Commands

# Optimize for production
php artisan config:cache
php artisan route:cache
php artisan view:cache

# Install dependencies
composer install --no-dev --optimize-autoloader

# Environment setup
php artisan key:generate
php artisan storage:link

# Database migrations
php artisan migrate --force