# Create virtual environment python -m venv django_env # Activate virtual environment # Windows: django_env\Scripts\activate # macOS/Linux: # source django_env/bin/activate # Verify activation (you should see (django_env) in prompt)

# Install Django pip install django # Check version (should be 4.2.x or higher) django-admin --version

# Create project directory mkdir my_first_django_app cd my_first_django_app # Create Django project django-admin startproject mysite . # Project structure should be created

# Apply initial migrations python manage.py migrate # Start development server python manage.py runserver # Visit http://127.0.0.1:8000/ in browser

# question/models.py from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import User class Question(models.Model): """ Model representing a question with choices and correct answer """ text = models.TextField(help_text="The question text") choice_a = models.CharField(max_length=200) choice_b = models.CharField(max_length=200) choice_c = models.CharField(max_length=200) choice_d = models.CharField(max_length=200) correct_answer = models.CharField( max_length=1, choices=[('A', 'A'), ('B', 'B'), ('C', 'C'), ('D', 'D')], help_text="Select the correct choice" ) created_by = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) difficulty = models.CharField( max_length=10, choices=[('EASY', 'Easy'), ('MEDIUM', 'Medium'), ('HARD', 'Hard')], default='MEDIUM' ) def __str__(self): return f"Question: {self.text[:50]}..." class Meta: ordering = ['-created_at'] verbose_name = 'Question' verbose_name_plural = 'Questions'

# question/views.py from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404 from django.http import JsonResponse from .models import Question def question_list(request): """ View to display all questions - Function-Based View (FBV) """ questions = Question.objects.all() context = { 'questions': questions, 'total_questions': questions.count(), 'page_title': 'Question Bank' } return render(request, 'question/question_list.html', context) def question_detail(request, pk): """ View to display single question with answer """ question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=pk) context = { 'question': question, 'choices': [ ('A', question.choice_a), ('B', question.choice_b), ('C', question.choice_c), ('D', question.choice_d), ] } return render(request, 'question/question_detail.html', context) # Class-Based View (CBV) example from django.views.generic import ListView, DetailView class QuestionListView(ListView): model = Question template_name = 'question/question_list.html' context_object_name = 'questions' paginate_by = 20 def get_context_data(self, **kwargs): context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs) context['total_questions'] = self.get_queryset().count() context['page_title'] = 'Question Bank (CBV)' return context

{% load static %}

Django MVT Demo

{% block content %}{% endblock %}

{% extends 'question/base.html' %} {% block title %}{{ page_title }}{% endblock %} {% block content %}

{{ page_title }}

Total Questions: {{ total_questions }}

{% for question in questions %}

{{ forloop.counter }}. {{ question.text }}

Difficulty: {{ question.difficulty }} By: {{ question.created_by.username }} View Answer

{% empty %}

No questions available yet.

Create your first question

{% endfor %} {% endblock %}

# question/urls.py from django.urls import path from . import views app_name = 'question' urlpatterns = [ path('', views.question_list, name='question_list'), path('/', views.question_detail, name='question_detail'), # Alternative CBV routes: # path('cbv/', views.QuestionListView.as_view(), name='question_list_cbv'), ] # myproject/urls.py from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path, include urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('questions/', include('question.urls')), path('', include('question.urls')), # Root for demo ]

# blog/models.py from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import User from django.urls import reverse from taggit.managers import TaggableManager class Category(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True) slug = models.SlugField(unique=True) description = models.TextField(blank=True) color = models.CharField(max_length=7, default='#007bff') # Hex color class Meta: verbose_name_plural = 'Categories' def __str__(self): return self.name def get_absolute_url(self): return reverse('category_detail', kwargs={'slug': self.slug}) class Article(models.Model): STATUS_CHOICES = [ ('DRAFT', 'Draft'), ('PUBLISHED', 'Published'), ('ARCHIVED', 'Archived'), ] title = models.CharField(max_length=200) slug = models.SlugField(unique=True, blank=True) excerpt = models.TextField(max_length=300, blank=True) content = models.TextField() author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='articles') category = models.ForeignKey(Category, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True, related_name='articles') tags = TaggableManager() status = models.CharField(max_length=10, choices=STATUS_CHOICES, default='DRAFT') featured_image = models.ImageField(upload_to='articles/', null=True, blank=True) # SEO fields meta_title = models.CharField(max_length=60, blank=True) meta_description = models.CharField(max_length=160, blank=True) # Statistics view_count = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0) like_count = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0) # Timestamps created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) published_at = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True) objects = models.Manager() # Default manager class Meta: ordering = ['-published_at', '-created_at'] def __str__(self): return self.title def save(self, *args, **kwargs): if not self.slug: self.slug = slugify(self.title) if self.status == 'PUBLISHED' and not self.published_at: self.published_at = timezone.now() super().save(*args, **kwargs) def get_absolute_url(self): return reverse('article_detail', kwargs={'slug': self.slug}) @property def word_count(self): return len(self.content.split()) @property def reading_time(self): words_per_minute = 200 return max(1, self.word_count // words_per_minute) def increment_views(self): self.view_count = models.F('view_count') + 1 self.save(update_fields=['view_count']) class Comment(models.Model): article = models.ForeignKey(Article, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='comments') author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) content = models.TextField() created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) # Moderation is_approved = models.BooleanField(default=True) is_spam = models.BooleanField(default=False) class Meta: ordering = ['created_at'] def __str__(self): return f'Comment by {self.author.username} on {self.article.title}'

# blog/views.py from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404, redirect from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required from django.contrib.auth.mixins import LoginRequiredMixin, UserPassesTestMixin from django.views.generic import ListView, DetailView, CreateView, UpdateView, DeleteView from django.contrib import messages from django.db.models import Q, Count from django.core.paginator import Paginator from .models import Article, Category, Comment from .forms import ArticleForm, CommentForm class ArticleListView(ListView): model = Article template_name = 'blog/article_list.html' context_object_name = 'articles' paginate_by = 12 def get_queryset(self): queryset = Article.objects.filter(status='PUBLISHED') # Category filtering category_slug = self.request.GET.get('category') if category_slug: queryset = queryset.filter(category__slug=category_slug) # Tag filtering tag = self.request.GET.get('tag') if tag: queryset = queryset.filter(tags__name__in=[tag]) # Search functionality query = self.request.GET.get('q') if query: queryset = queryset.filter( Q(title__icontains=query) | Q(content__icontains=query) | Q(excerpt__icontains=query) ) return queryset.distinct() def get_context_data(self, **kwargs): context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs) context['categories'] = Category.objects.annotate( article_count=Count('articles') ).filter(article_count__gt=0) context['featured_articles'] = Article.objects.filter( status='PUBLISHED' ).order_by('-view_count')[:3] return context class ArticleDetailView(DetailView): model = Article template_name = 'blog/article_detail.html' context_object_name = 'article' def get_queryset(self): return Article.objects.filter(status='PUBLISHED') def get_context_data(self, **kwargs): context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs) context['comments'] = self.object.comments.filter(is_approved=True) context['comment_form'] = CommentForm() context['related_articles'] = Article.objects.filter( Q(category=self.object.category) | Q(tags__in=self.object.tags.all()) ).exclude(id=self.object.id).distinct()[:4] # Increment view count self.object.increment_views() return context @login_required def add_comment(request, slug): article = get_object_or_404(Article, slug=slug, status='PUBLISHED') if request.method == 'POST': form = CommentForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): comment = form.save(commit=False) comment.article = article comment.author = request.user comment.save() messages.success(request, 'Your comment has been added!') return redirect('article_detail', slug=slug) return redirect('article_detail', slug=slug) class ArticleCreateView(LoginRequiredMixin, CreateView): model = Article form_class = ArticleForm template_name = 'blog/article_form.html' def form_valid(self, form): form.instance.author = self.request.user messages.success(self.request, 'Article created successfully!') return super().form_valid(form) # Additional views for update, delete, user dashboard, etc.